The issue of identity, the fact of being who or what a person or thing is [APPOSITIVE], is a repeated theme in Shakespeare plays. Characters are constantly dealing with identity issues, whether it’s changing their identity for the protection, or concealing their true identity to get what they want. One such character is Viola from Twelfth Night. Viola is a young woman who has been recently shipwrecked and lost the last of her family, stranded in a foreign country where she knows no one [PAST PARTICIPLE]. Her decision to disguise herself and change her identity has significant repercussions for her actions and her decision-making.
Viola begins her journey as a woman, seemingly alone in the world, as she believes her only living relative, her brother [APPOSITIVE], has just drowned after the ship they were on wrecks. Alone in the world [NOUN ABSOLUTE], Viola asks which country the shipwrecked group has landed in and she learns they are in Illyria, a land ruled by a duke named Orsino (I.ii.1-27). Orsino is in love with Olivia, a woman who has also recently lost her father and, more significantly for Viola, her brother (I.ii.36-41). It is natural that Viola would want to go and serve Olivia first, one because she is a woman, and two because they share a common bond in their sorrow. However, she shortly learns that serving Olivia will be impossible because “she will admit no kind of suit” (I.ii.45). Viola decides then that she will dress as a eunuch and be presented to Orsino as a singer (I.ii.47-61). Her decision to change her identity from a woman to a man is significant. This switch from man to woman can seem unwarranted, though history and the text offer a reason. When explaining Olivia’s situation, the captain says that her father died a year ago, leaving her “in the protection of his son, her brother” (I.ii.36-38). It seems, at least in Illyria, that women are under the protection of men and not allowed to live on their own. Even Olivia, who is more than capable of supporting herself, has to have her cousin, Sir Toby, come and live with her. Viola has no man to protect or watch over her, and, while in Illyria [APPOSITIVE], disguising herself as a man appears to be her best option. As a woman, Viola could have gone to Olivia and offered herself as a lady-in-waiting, but because Olivia is not accepting visitors, Viola’s next option is Orsino, whom she cannot serve as a woman. Her other intention is to secure for herself a “psychic holiday” (Huston 285). Viola has been through quite a bit of emotional trauma and in a society that would require her to either have the protection of a patriarchal figure or get married, the disguise of a man would give her time to recuperate mentally. The decision to take on a male identity also frees Viola to do and say things that a woman could not.